Can cavities cause cancer? Here’s what the science says
Did you know poor oral health has been linked to life-threatening diseases beyond toothaches and gum disease? This raises an important question: can something as common as a cavity really increase your cancer risk? Before we draw conclusions, let’s break down the facts and understand what the science actually says.
Understanding how cavities form
Cavities, also known as dental caries or tooth decay, develop when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode the tooth’s enamel—the hard, protective outer layer of your teeth. If left untreated, these cavities can worsen, reaching deeper layers of the tooth, and potentially leading to pain, infection, or even tooth loss.
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), tooth decay arises when decay-causing bacteria interact with starches and sugars, forming an acid that damages tooth enamel and depletes minerals. Over time, this process can result in discoloration, structural damage, and ultimately cavities.
Risk factors for developing cavities include:
- Consuming a diet high in sugary foods and drinks
- Not brushing teeth regularly or not using fluoride products
- Having a disability that makes oral hygiene challenging
- Taking certain medications (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy)
- Experiencing severe dry mouth
Is there a connection between cavities and cancer?
At first glance, it might seem plausible that cavities could be linked to cancer. After all, both involve problems with cellular processes and tissue damage. But does research support this idea?
What the research says
Currently, there is no direct scientific evidence proving that cavities themselves cause cancer. However, some studies have suggested potential associations between poor oral health and certain cancers—particularly oral, esophageal, and pancreatic cancers. It’s important to note that these studies point to correlation, not causation.
For example, a 2023 meta-analysis reported that tooth loss—a potential consequence of untreated cavities—may almost double the risk of oral cancer. Additionally, tooth loss has been associated with higher risks of:
- Esophageal cancer
- Uterine cancer
- Lung cancer
- Colorectal cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Breast cancer
- Blood cancer
- Prostate cancer
How poor oral health could potentially influence cancer risk
Researchers have proposed a few ways poor oral health (including cavities) might play an indirect role in increasing cancer risk:
- Chronic inflammation
Untreated cavities can lead to chronic inflammation in the mouth. Chronic inflammation, in theory, may contribute to the development of cancerous cells over time. - Bacterial infections spreading
The bacteria that cause cavities could potentially enter the bloodstream, contributing to systemic inflammation—a factor associated with a higher risk of certain diseases, including cancer. - Carbohydrate intake
High intake of sugary or starchy foods not only causes tooth decay but is also linked to increased cancer risk. - Overall poor oral hygiene habits
Neglecting oral hygiene increases the risk of oral infections and gum disease, which has more established links to systemic illnesses, including some cancers.
Can cancer treatments affect your teeth?
Although the National Cancer Institute (NCI) does not list cavities as a common complication of cancer treatments, both chemotherapy and radiation therapy can increase the risk of tooth decay. Radiation therapy to the head or neck, in particular, can cause long-term oral complications and worsen existing cavities.
Why maintaining good oral hygiene matters
Even though cavities aren’t proven to directly cause cancer, maintaining excellent oral hygiene is essential to protect your overall health. Regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings help prevent not just cavities but also gum disease and other oral infections linked to systemic health issues like heart disease, diabetes, and potentially certain cancers.
Here’s how you can prevent tooth decay:
- Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
- Drink fluoridated tap water
- Use fluoride mouthwash
- Floss daily
- Limit foods and drinks high in sugar and starch
- Avoid tobacco products
- See a dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings
If you’re looking for expert guidance on maintaining your oral health, the dentists in Hesperia, CA at Maple Dental are here to help.
Common myths and facts about cavities and cancer
| Myth | Fact |
|---|---|
| Cavities directly cause cancer. | No direct link between cavities and cancer has been established. |
| Oral health only affects your mouth. | Poor oral health can impact overall health, including risk factors for systemic diseases. |
| Brushing alone is enough to prevent all dental problems. | Brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits are all necessary for complete oral care. |
When to contact a dentist
Anyone with symptoms of tooth decay should contact a dentist promptly. Common signs of tooth decay include:
- Toothache
- Tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweetness
- Abscesses (pain, swelling, or fever)
During a dental checkup, dentists in Hesperia, CA—like the team at Maple Dental—examine for signs of tooth decay, gum disease, and even early indicators of oral cancer.
If you experience symptoms suggestive of oral cancer—such as persistent mouth sores, white or red patches, or unusual pain—seek immediate medical advice.
Schedule your dental appointment today
Don’t let misinformation cloud your oral health journey. Call Maple Dental at 760-949-7274 to schedule your appointment today. Our friendly dentists in Hesperia, CA, are dedicated to prevention, education, and expert care. Let us help you maintain optimal dental health and overall wellness—because your smile deserves the best.
